A new investment program announced by the French government will invest €1.35 billion into renewable energy and green chemistry over the next four years.

The funding support, coming in the form of subsidies and loan guarantees, will accelerate over the years, eventually reaching €290 million/year by 2014.  The program aims to attract an additional €2 billion from private investors and other research groups.

France’s extensive use of nuclear-fired plants has contributed to the country’s claim to 90% low carbon electricity.  However, President Sarkozy’s administration is furthering efforts to develop renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.  The new funding will also support sustainable transportation initiatives and smart grid technology developments.

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Although Germany is scaling back incentives for renewable energy, reports indicate the government is considering a tax on coal to make up for lost revenues as energy policies are reshuffled.

The government proposed abolishing tax breaks for energy-intensive companies, but came under fire from industry groups.  If introduced, this coal tax would target €410 million in 2011 and €710 in 2012, partially making up for revenue lost by keeping the tax breaks.

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Investing in “green growth” can help catalyze Greece’s economic growth and attract outside investment into the nation’s ailing economy, officials say.

Greece’s  €12 billion investment plan includes urban improvement projects, new natural gas pipelines and storage facilities in northern Greece.  The government hopes to attract a total of €22 billion in external private investment in the coming decade.  Environment Minister Tina Birbili hopes the program will “decisively contribute to face recession and lead to dynamic economic growth.”

Although Greece has ample wind and solar resources, renewable energy contributed only 4% of the nation’s electricity generation in 2009.  However, by 2020 Greece has pledged to ramp up renewables’ share to 40% of its total electrical output.

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A new report from the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), a body affiliated with the United Nations and the International Energy Agency (IEA), says renewable energy accounts for over half of all new electricity capacity added in the United States and Europe during 2009.

The REN21 report highlights the shift in manufacturing and deployment of these new energy technologies from developed nations to growing ecnomies like China, Brazil and India.

In 2009, China produced 40% of global solar PV and 30% of all wind turbines; a massive increase from 10% in 2007.

However, despite its advances in implementing green power, China’s carbon dioxide emissions also increased in 2009.  It has overtaken the United States and now claims the title of highest emitting nation in the world.

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The EU has reached a unanimous decision to create a central trading platform to manage sales of the majority of EU carbon permits which are traded through the bloc’s Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS).

The central trading platform will commence during the 2013 stage of the ETS, but individual nations will also have the freedom to opt-out and hold their own auctions.  The number of permits to be issued and dates of auction have yet to be determined.

During the first phase of the ETS trading scheme, most permits were distributed to industries for free.  However as phase 3 begins, the majority of emissions permits will be sold to companies through auctions.  This includes the aviation sector, which will be required to purchase 15% of their permits at auction when it joins the ETS in 2012.

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Thanks to the implementation of an industry-friendly feed-in-tariff in 2007, the Italian solar PV market has taken off at a furious pace.

Data from the Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) shows that Italy installed more photovoltaic systems than the entire United States in 2009.  What’s more, by the end of the year, Italy will have installed over 2,500 MW of solar PV power, more than one and one-half times the U.S. total.

Italy is now the world’s second largest solar PV market after Germany.  Unlike Spain, Italy is not planning to remove its feed-in-tariff anytime soon.  It has set a new target of 3,000MW for the next time period of 2011-2013, but will trim the tariffs 18% by Q3 of 2011.  Italy reached its 2010 target of 1,200MW earlier this year.  Most of these new installations are on rooftops or in distributed applications, and according to the Gestore dei Servizi Energetici, almost 1/4 are relatively small (20kW or less).

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Many of the world’s largest developed nations experienced a drop in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in 2009.  China and India, however, saw their own domestic emissions levels rise significantly.  Has this growth in effect “canceled out” the reductions made in developed nations?  According to the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the answer is yes.

Global emissions levels remained relatively unchanged in 2009 largely because of Chinese and Indian contributions, despite predictions from groups such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) which thought the global economic meltdown and decrease in manufacturing would assuredly reduce emissions worldwide.

The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency notes that carbon dioxide emissions per person in China are now 6.1 tons, roughly equal to France which clocked in at 6.0 tons in 2009.  This figure represents a major increase for China, which in 1990 emitted only 2.2 tons per capita.    Interestingly, this increase comes Chinese wind and solar energy capacity has doubled for the fifth year in a row.

Because of its use of nuclear energy, French emissions are actually on the lower end of the scale in comparison to other developed nations.  Per capita emissions in other EU member nations were 7.9 tons in 2009, down from 9.1 tons in 1990, while per capita emissions in the United Sates fell to 17.2 tons in 2009, decreasing from 19.5 tons in 1990.

All in all, the Dutch agency now reports that 53% of 2009 global emissions came from developing nations, with 44% coming from the developed world.  International air and sea transportation accounts for the remaining 3%.

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Recent estimates expect the global automobile fleet to double over the next 20 years – growing from 800m today to over 1.6bn in 2030.  This massive growth is occurring as developing powers like China and India increase levels of individual car ownership.  However, the extra emissions resulting from millions upon millions more vehicles on the world’s roadways could be dramatic, and adversely affect global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

The European Commission has launched a “green transport” initiative in an effort to reach their emissions reductions goals.  By 2050, the EU is aiming for an 80 to 95% decrease in transport-related emissions.  The Commission believes widespread deployment of green transportation options, such as electric vehicles, public transportation and low-carbon and sustainable fuels will go a long way to achieving this goal.

The initiative calls for, among other things, Europe-wide standards for electric vehicle charging by 2011, continued research into low-carbon and energy efficient methods of transportation, financial incentives to encourage consumers and will work with the European Investment Bank to catalyze funding for green vehicle infrastructure and services.

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